Advances in Law, Pedagogy, and Multidisciplinary Humanities
Advances in Law, Pedagogy, and Multidisciplinary Humanities (ALPAMET) is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to exploring the intersections between law, education, and the humanities. The journal provides a platform for scholars, practitioners, and educators to share innovative research, critical analysis, and theoretical perspectives that contribute to the understanding and advancement of these fields. ALPAMET covers a broad range of topics including legal theory and practice, educational philosophy and pedagogy, and interdisciplinary studies in the humanities such as history, literature, philosophy, and cultural studies. By fostering dialogue across these disciplines, the journal aims to deepen the analysis of societal issues, promote academic discourse, and propose solutions to contemporary challenges in law, education, and the humanities. The journal welcomes submissions that blend theoretical insights with practical implications, and encourages cross-disciplinary approaches that address the complex and evolving dynamics of the modern world. ALPAMET seeks to advance knowledge and contribute to both academic scholarship and practical applications in law, education, and the broader humanities.
Fakultas Sastra Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Adultery and Complex Family Relationships in Aya De Yopougon by Marguerite Abouet Et Clement Oubrerie
Adultery is depicted as a widespread but not always hidden part of adult life. While extramarital affairs are often joked about or normalized in the African community, they have really emotional and social consequences. In Aya de Yopougon, Marguerite Abouet and Clément Oubrerie craft a richly layered narrative that captures the everyday realities of life in 1970s Côte d’Ivoire through the lens of humour, satire, and social realism. Central to the story are the intertwined themes of adultery and complex family relationships, issues that serve not only as personal crises for the characters but also as reflections of a society negotiating the tensions between tradition and change. Through a unique blend of visual storytelling and colloquial dialogue, the authors explore how gender roles, generational expectations, and the pressures of reputation shape domestic life in Yopougon. Literary techniques such as irony, caricature, and polyphonic narration allow Abouet and Oubrerie to humanize their characters while critiquing social norms surrounding fidelity, legitimacy, and family honour. Set against the backdrop of a post-colonial African society experiencing both economic development and moral upheaval, Aya de Yopougon uses the personal to illuminate the political, turning intimate betrayals and family secrets into a broader commentary on cultural transformation.
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Pre-K Program as Panacea to Academic Performance and Achievement Gaps between High and Low Socio-Economic Status (SES) Students in Nigeria
The fact that socio-economic status (SES) impacts on academic performance and achievement is universally established. Abundant researches have shown that students from high socio-economic background academically perform better than their peers from low socio-economic background. The fact is beyond contention. Interest and energy of educationists should be focused on solving the problem. Therefore, this paper prescribed the Pre-K Program as a veritable and effective solution to academic performance and achievement gaps existing between students due to SES of their parents. It is opined that the implementation of the Pre-K Program as recommended by this paper will eliminate the problem of existence of academic performance and achievement gaps between students of low and high SES background and parentage. The government of Nigeria and all stake holders in the educational sector are called upon to rise to the situation in eliminating the effects of SES on academic performance and achievement gap of students.
The Anthropocene's Unjust Heirs: Intergenerational Ethics in a Post-Natural World
The foundational premise of mainstream intergenerational ethics, as articulated by thinkers like Hans Jonas and John Rawls, is that future generations will inherit a "natural" world—a biogeophysically stable Earth system broadly analogous to the Holocene conditions that nurtured the development of human civilization. The proposed epoch of the Anthropocene fundamentally shatters this premise. This paper argues that future generations will not inherit a pristine or self-regulating nature, but a planet pervasively and perpetually shaped by direct human technological management, from climate geoengineering and genetic rescue of species to large-scale pollution remediation and automated conservation systems. This seismic shift renders traditional models of intergenerational ethics, centered on conservation, non-maleficence, and resource distribution, critically inadequate. Our primary duty to the future is no longer merely one of preserving a natural legacy but has transformed into a daunting responsibility of stewardship over complex, irreversible socio-ecological-technological systems. This paper investigates the profound ethical implications of this new responsibility, which we term the "Anthropocene Inheritance." It entails novel and poorly understood obligations, including the duty to transmit the capacity and knowledge to manage these technological systems, the justice implications of imposing "obligatory technological dependencies," and the rights of future people to consent to or refuse their inherited technological condition. Through an analysis of emerging technologies like Solar Radiation Management and CRISPR-driven genetic conservation, this paper develops a new ethical framework: "Techno-Stewardship Justice." This framework obligates present generations to ensure that the actively managed planet we bequeath is not only habitable but also just, navigable, and does not foreclose the ability of future generations to define their own relationship with the world, thereby preserving their autonomy in a post-natural age.
An Appraisal of the Contributions of Ariria Market in Aba, Abia State, to the Economic Development of Nigeria, 1999-2023
Abstract—This study provides a comprehensive appraisal of the Ariaria International Market's contributions to Nigeria's economic development from 1999 to 2023. As one of West Africa's largest and most vibrant markets, Ariaria is renowned for its entrepreneurial dynamism, indigenous manufacturing capacity, and innovation, particularly in leatherwork, footwear, and garment production. This research investigates the market's transformative role within Nigeria's informal sector, focusing on its impact on job creation, domestic production, poverty alleviation, and intra-African trade over a 24-year period marked by economic liberalization, democratic consolidation, and significant infrastructural challenges. Employing a qualitative historical methodology, the study draws on primary data, including oral histories and semi-structured interviews with market stakeholders, complemented by secondary sources from scholarly journals, books, and government reports. An interdisciplinary lens is applied to synthesize insights from economics, business management, and development studies. The period under review, spanning Nigeria's return to democratic governance and its integration into the global economy, positions Ariaria as a critical case study of grassroots economic resilience and self-reliance. The findings demonstrate that Ariaria Market is not merely a commercial hub but a significant engine of economic development, contributing substantially to employment, industrial development in Southern Nigeria, and the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study concludes that Ariaria symbolizes the potent potential of indigenous enterprise and serves as a vital pillar for sustainable economic transformation in Nigeria.
Strengthening Foster Care in Nigeria: Codifying the UN Guidelines on Alternative Care
This article provides a critical examination of the Child's Rights Act in Nigeria, with a focus on strengthening foster care through the codification of the United Nations (UN) Guidelines on Alternative Care. It analyzes the existing legal framework governing foster care in Nigeria, identifying gaps and limitations that hinder the effective protection and care of children living in foster care arrangements. The article argues that the Childs Rights Act which is the current legal framework on foster carte in Nigeria, falls short of international and contemporary standards of practice, resulting in inadequate care and protection for vulnerable children. By examining the potential benefits of codifying the UN Guidelines on Alternative Care into Nigerian law, this article proposes a way forward for strengthening foster care in Nigeria. The methodology used for this research is doctrinal. It relied on primary and secondary sources such as the Child’s Rights Act, Statutes, Conventions, Guidelines as well as dictionaries, articles, journals, and the internet respectively. It concludes that the domestication of the UN Guidelines on Alternative Care under the Nigerian Laws would provide a comprehensive framework for foster care practice, prioritize the best interests of the child and promote family-based care. The findings and recommendations of this article stand to provoke policy and law reform efforts, ultimately enhancing the protection and well-being of children living under the foster care settings in Nigeria.
Moore’s Unyielding Hand: A Robust Defence of Common Sense against Radical Skepticism
This paper offers a robust defense of G.E. Moore’s common-sense response to radical skepticism. Against the skeptic’s claim that we cannot know anything about the external world, Moore famously argued that his certain knowledge of common-sense propositions (e.g., “Here is one hand”) serves as a proof that an external world exists. Critics dismiss this as a facile begging of the question, arguing that Moore simply assumes what the skeptic denies. This paper contends that this charge of circularity, while logically valid, misunderstands the dialectical force of Moore’s argument. Rather than attempting to convince the skeptic on their own impossible terms, Moore’s proof performs a foundationalist function. It exposes that the skeptic’s premises are less certain than the common-sense truths they purport to undermine. By holding up his hand, Moore shifts the burden of proof, forcing the skeptic to explain why we should deny our most basic, action-guiding convictions in favor of abstract, hyperbolic doubt. The paper concludes that while Moore’s argument may not be a logical refutation, it is a pragmatically necessary and epistemically legitimate vindication of everyday knowledge. It establishes that common-sense certainty provides a more stable and reasonable starting point for epistemology than the skeptical hypothesis.
The Influence of Social Media Platforms on E-Commerce Promotion in Cross River State: The Calabar Experience, 1999-2023
This study investigates the influence of social media on e-commerce in Calabar, analyzing how platforms like Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Twitter (now X) have revolutionized company practices and customer interaction in the digital economy. As internet and mobile technology proliferate in Calabar, Cross River State, social media has emerged as an essential instrument for entrepreneurs, small and medium companies (SMEs), and large corporations to promote products, expand their reach, and streamline transactions. The research examines the degree to which social media impacts consumer behaviour, brand visibility, and business expansion in the local setting. It evaluates the techniques utilized by enterprises to capitalize on these platforms and the obstacles they encounter, including trust, digital literacy, and logistical concerns. The study employs an interdisciplinary methodology that includes surveys, interviews, and online content analysis to furnish empirical data regarding user interaction, engagement levels, and conversion rates associated with social media marketing. Research indicates that social media has markedly improved the visibility and operational efficacy of numerous e-commerce enterprises in Calabar; however, obstacles persist in infrastructure and trust development.
The Impact of Communal Conflict-Induced Trauma on the Academic Adjustment of In-School Adolescents in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria.
This study examined the impact of trauma on the academic adjustment of in-school adolescents in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. Guided by three research questions and three hypotheses, the study employed an ex-post facto research design. The population comprised 124,698 students from 622 public secondary schools, with a sample of 399 students selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using the Trauma and Psycho-Academic Adjustment Questionnaire (TPAAQ), developed by the researcher. The instrument's content and face validity were established through expert review, while a pilot test conducted on 40 students confirmed its test-retest reliability, yielding a high overall Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.93. Data were analyzed using Mean Score and Standard Deviation for the research questions, while chi-square statistics were used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that trauma significantly impacted class attendance, class participation, and concentration. Based on these findings, the study concluded that trauma adversely affected the academic adjustment of in-school adolescents in Benue and Nasarawa States. Consequently, it was recommended that the Ministries of Education in both states provide regular training for teachers on trauma-sensitive instructional strategies to enhance class participation and engagement among affected students.
The Influence of Supervisors' Role on the Effectiveness of Open Performance Appraisals: Evidence from Public Health Institutions in Tanzania
Effective performance appraisal systems are crucial for improving public sector service delivery. In Tanzania, the Open Performance Review and Appraisal System (OPRAS) has been implemented to enhance accountability, yet its effectiveness in the public health sector remains inconsistent, often attributed to supervisors' roles. This study examines the influence of specific supervisory actions—objective setting, commitment, and the administration of reward systems—on the effectiveness of OPRAS. An explanatory research design was employed, and data were collected via a structured questionnaire from a stratified sample of 310 employees across six major public health institutions in Tanzania. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that supervisors' commitment (β = 0.298, p < 0.001) and reward systems (β = 0.348, p < 0.001) have a strong, statistically significant positive effect on appraisal effectiveness. Conversely, the effect of objective setting was positive but statistically insignificant (β = 0.124, p = 0.077). This suggests that while clear goals are beneficial, the active engagement of supervisors and the tangible recognition of performance are far more critical levers for enhancing the appraisal system's impact. The study concludes that for OPRAS to achieve its intended goals in Tanzanian public health institutions, policy interventions should prioritize strengthening supervisory commitment and ensuring the timely and fair distribution of rewards. The findings underscore the need to move beyond bureaucratic compliance with objective-setting and focus on the motivational aspects of performance management led by dedicated supervisors.
An Assessment of Nigeria’s Democracy through the Lens of John Locke’s Political Thought
The quest for power is an inherent part of human inclination and existence. As a societal and political being, man seeks and exercises this power within his society. Once power is sought and legitimately invested by the people, those in authority often exercise it in an egocentric manner. Consequently, there is a tendency for this power to be abused. The abuse of political power in Nigeria is a deeply entrenched issue, rooted in a legacy of authoritarianism, corruption, and institutional fragility. This study investigates the phenomenon through John Locke’s political theory, offering a critical reflection on the legitimacy and limits of authority in the Nigerian political context. Furthermore, Locke’s principles, centred on the social contract, the consent of the governed, and the right to resist tyranny, provide a compelling framework for understanding the failures of governance and the erosion of democratic values. The study employs analytical methods to examine how Nigerian politicians consistently violate the foundational tenets of Locke’s philosophy, exercising power without accountability and undermining the rule of law. The findings reveal a persistent disconnect between the governed and those in authority, resulting in systematic injustice and political instability. The study therefore concludes that Locke’s theory is profoundly relevant to Nigeria’s political evolution, offering not only a critique of current governance but also a pathway toward restoring legitimacy, empowering citizens, and transforming power into a force for justice and collective progress.
Rational Cooperation and Nigerian Politics: A Gauthierian Analysis
This paper identifies the persistence and increasing complexity of cooperation failures in Nigerian political systems despite numerous attempts at institutional reforms and democratic consolidation. These problems include endemic corruption, ethnic competition for resources, a breakdown of trust between citizens and government, and the failure of formal democratic institutions to generate sustainable political cooperation. As a result of these political dysfunctions, democratic relationships are strained, and political legitimacy is undermined because orientations of rational cooperation are not given sufficient attention in political actions, governance failures, and proposed solutions. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of David Gauthier's rational choice contractualism, through its emphasis on constrained maximisation and morals by agreement, in understanding and potentially resolving certain cooperation problems confronting Nigerian politics and comparable postcolonial contexts worldwide. The methods adopted are philosophical analysis and phenomenological investigation to examine Gauthier's theoretical framework and interpret its applications, showing both its particular relevance to Nigerian contexts and its universal insights for understanding rational cooperation in diverse political systems. The paper concludes that a critically modified approach integrating Gauthierian rational choice principles with African communitarian cooperation traditions would address the limitations of purely individualistic rational choice models, which constitute a major source of cooperation failures. This approach must be thoughtfully grounded in indigenous collective decision-making traditions while incorporating Gauthierian insights about rational cooperation for more effective outcomes in addressing governance challenges.
Towards a Nigerian Theory of Directing: Synthesizing Indigenous Performance Aesthetics with Postcolonial Dramaturgy
This research proposes a theoretical framework for a distinctly Nigerian approach to theatre direction, arguing for the conscious synthesis of indigenous Nigerian performance aesthetics with postcolonial dramaturgical strategies. It critiques the continued dominance of Western directorial models—rooted in proscenium arch conventions, psychological realism, and Aristotelian structures—as a lingering effect of cultural colonialism that fails to fully express the Nigerian worldview. The study posits that a decolonized Nigerian theory of directing must instead be architected from the principles found in the nation's rich performance traditions, such as Yoruba Alárìnjó, Igbo Mmanwu, and Hausa Wassan Kara. These principles include a non-linear narrative structure, the intimate and participatory relationship between performer and spectator, the integral fusion of music, dance, and masquerade with text, and the spiritual dimension of performance. By engaging with postcolonial theory (Fanon, Bhabha) and African theatrical paradigms (Soyinka’s “Fourth Stage,” Ngũgĩ’s “Decolonising the Mind”), this paper constructs a new directorial lexicon. The ultimate aim is to move beyond mere adaptation and establish an authentic, foundational theory that empowers Nigerian directors to create work that is philosophically, culturally, and aesthetically rooted in their own heritage.
The Therapeutic Dimension of Christian Benevolence: Exploring the Link between Poverty Alleviation and Mental Well-Being in the Nigerian Church
Poverty remains a persistent social reality in Nigeria, significantly affecting individuals' mental, physical, and spiritual well-being. Nigerian Christian benevolence has often focused on meeting physical needs. The Nigerian church has historically responded to poverty through various benevolent practices, including food distribution, skill acquisition schemes, educational sponsorship, and microfinance interventions. However, the therapeutic dimension of such Christian benevolence, particularly its capacity to contribute to mental well-being, remains underexplored within empirical and theological discourses. Thus, this paper investigates how Christian poverty alleviation practices within Nigerian churches improve the mental health of beneficiaries. Employing a qualitative methodology, the paper utilises analytical, critical, and expository methods of data interpretation. Drawing from testimonies of beneficiaries across selected churches in Lagos and supported by participant observation, the paper identifies reduced anxiety, renewed hope, an enhanced sense of belonging, and improved self-worth as common outcomes among recipients of church-based benevolence. Additionally, spiritual counselling and prayer provided during welfare activities often reduce feelings of isolation, hopelessness, and despair among recipients. The study concludes that Christian benevolence, while addressing physical poverty, plays a therapeutic role in supporting mental well-being in low-resource communities when it integrates economic support with spiritual and social care. The paper debunks secularistic arguments which claim that the church is insignificant in contemporary times. The paper advances the discourse on the nexus between religion and mental health in Africa and offers a model for faith-based poverty alleviation initiatives that meet material and psychological needs. This intersection is critical for scholars in practical theology, religious studies, and mental health, as well as policymakers engaging faith communities in poverty and mental health interventions.
Curriculum Innovation and Pedagogical Transformation: Assessing BMASS and CMASS Effect on Pre-Service Teachers in Teacher Education at the University of Delta
This study investigates the effect of two curriculum innovation models—the Blended Modularized Active Support System (BMASS) and the Collaborative Modularized Active Support System (CMASS)—on the academic performance and pedagogical skills of pre-service teachers at the University of Delta, Agbor, Nigeria. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group, 90 pre-service teachers were assigned to three groups: BMASS, CMASS, and a control group taught using traditional methods. Data were collected using an Academic Performance Test (APT) and a Pedagogical Competency Rating Scale (PCRS). Results were analyzed using ANCOVA. Findings revealed that students in the BMASS group significantly outperformed their peers in academic tests, while the CMASS group demonstrated superior development in pedagogical competencies. The control group showed the least improvement in both areas. These results underscore the value of learner-centered, modular, and technology-integrated instructional models in promoting meaningful learning and teaching proficiency in teacher education. The study concludes that both BMASS and CMASS are effective alternatives to traditional instruction and recommends their integration into teacher training curricula. The findings also highlight the need for policy reform, professional development for teacher educators, and investment in digital learning infrastructure. This study contributes to the discourse on curriculum transformation in higher education and offers practical strategies for improving teacher education in Nigeria and similar developing contexts.
Socio-Economic Factors Associated With Cannabis Use among Citizens of Delta State, Nigeria and the Implications for Drugs Education
Cannabis use has emerged as a major public health and educational concern in Nigeria, particularly within Delta State, where socio-economic instability and youth vulnerability intersect. This study investigated the socio-economic factors influencing cannabis use among citizens of Delta State and examined the implications for drugs education. Guided by Strain Theory and Social Learning Theory, the research adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample of 400 participants, drawn using multistage sampling techniques, provided data through structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis. Findings revealed that poverty, unemployment, peer influence, cultural tolerance, and availability were the strongest predictors of cannabis use. Peer influence was particularly significant, indicating the role of social networks in sustaining substance use. Results further demonstrated that cannabis use adversely affects academic performance, cognitive development, and health outcomes, highlighting critical challenges for educational systems and public health in Delta State. The study concluded that cannabis use is not merely a matter of individual choice but is deeply embedded in socio-economic realities. Accordingly, drug education in Delta State should be contextualized, integrating socio-economic empowerment, peer-based interventions, and cultural engagement strategies. The study recommends a multi-sectoral approach involving government, schools, communities, and health institutions to design effective prevention and rehabilitation programs. Future research should examine gender-specific patterns of cannabis use and evaluate the effectiveness of current drug education interventions in Nigeria.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Learning Complex Biological Processes: A Study of Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria
Advances in educational technology have created new opportunities for enhancing science learning. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive and interactive experiences that may improve students’ conceptual understanding and practical skills in biology, particularly in complex topics such as cellular respiration, mitosis, and enzyme action. This study employs a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 120 Senior Secondary School Two (SSS II) biology students will be drawn from four schools in Delta State, Nigeria, representing both urban and rural settings. Two schools will be assigned as experimental groups receiving VR-based instruction, while two will serve as control groups taught using conventional lecture, chalkboard, and textbook methods. Data collection will utilize two validated and reliable instruments: the Biology Conceptual Understanding Test (BCUT) and the Biology Practical Skills Performance Test (BPSPT). The intervention spans six weeks, with both groups completing pre-tests and post-tests. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to compare outcomes while controlling for baseline scores. It is expected that students exposed to VR-based instruction will demonstrate significantly higher gains in conceptual understanding and practical performance than those taught with conventional methods. Findings will provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of VR in secondary school biology education in Nigeria. The study highlights the potential of immersive technologies to strengthen science teaching and learning, with implications for curriculum innovation in developing contexts.
Assessment of Leaders’ Adherence to Public Leadership Code of Ethics in Promoting Good Governance in the Local Government Authorities: Case Study of Kinondoni Municipality – Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
The Public Leadership Code of Ethics Act No. 13 of 1995 was established in Tanzania's public sector, including local government authorities (LGAs), to promote ethical conduct among public leaders. However, leadership scandals, such as corruption and fraud, remain frequently reported in media, literature, and government reports concerning LGAs. This study sought to assess leaders' adherence to the public leadership code of ethics in promoting good governance within the Kinondoni Municipality. The study was guided by an interpretivist epistemology and employed a qualitative design. A total of 85 participants, including leaders and ordinary citizens, were selected using convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that adherence to the code of ethics among local government leaders was low, as many were found to be unethical and pursued personal interests. The study recommends that the government collaborate with relevant stakeholders to implement necessary reforms. Furthermore, ethics education should be integrated from the family level through university education to address the inadequacy of social and administrative ethics.
Linguistic Justice and the Nigerian Education System: A Framework for Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE)
The Nigerian National Policy on Education advocates for mother-tongue instruction in early childhood learning, a principle aligned with global standards for linguistic justice and educational equity. However, the implementation of Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) remains profoundly ineffective, leading to a pervasive disconnect between policy rhetoric and classroom reality. This persistent failure exacerbates educational inequalities, hinders cognitive development, and marginalizes Nigeria's vast linguistic heritage. This conceptual paper argues that the current challenges—including a lack of political will, inadequate resources, ethno-linguistic politicization, and a misconceived policy framework—stem from a fundamental lack of a coherent, context-specific theoretical and operational model. Moving beyond mere critique, this study proposes a novel, multi-dimensional framework for implementing MTB-MLE in the Nigerian context. Drawing on theoretical foundations of linguistic human rights (Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000) and language economics (Grin, 2003), the framework is built on four interdependent pillars: (1) a multi-tiered language selection protocol that categorizes languages based on regional dominance and vitality; (2) a integrated curriculum model that strategically bridges the mother tongue with English; (3) a sustainable teacher training and material development ecosystem; and (4) a participatory governance structure involving communities, policymakers, and educators. The paper concludes that for MTB-MLE to transition from policy phantom to praxis, it must be reimagined not as a cultural annex but as the central pillar of a just, effective, and nationally inclusive educational strategy for Nigeria.
Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE)
Rawls and Selective Justice in Nigeria: A Philosophical Examination
This paper applies John Rawls’ Theory of Justice to interrogate the persistent problem of selective justice in Nigeria, drawing on three recent incidents as revealing case studies. The first involves Adams Oshiomhole, who confronted airline staff, occupied the terminal entrance, and disrupted operations yet faced no formal punitive outcome. The second concerns Fuji music icon Wasiu Ayinde Adewale (Kwam 1), who obstructed an aircraft in a grave aviation safety breach but was initially subjected only to a six-month travel ban, later quietly lifted. The third case is that of Ms. Comfort Emmanson, who was handed a lifetime flight ban for alleged unruly behaviour – a sanction that was immediate, uncompromising, and absolute. While all three incidents involve breaches of legal or ethical norms, the starkly divergent institutional and legal responses reveal a justice system that consistently tilts in favour of the influential while applying swift and severe punishment to the less powerful. The paper asks: to what extent does Nigeria’s justice system align with Rawls’ conception of justice as fairness? How do privilege, social status, and political influence shape the uneven enforcement of justice? Analysed through the lens of Rawls’ principles—particularly the veil of ignorance, the guarantee of equal basic rights, and the difference principle—these cases demonstrate a troubling departure from the ideal of “justice as fairness.” Instead, Nigeria’s current enforcement patterns evoke the ancient observation that laws ensnare the weak while allowing the strong to break free. By critically examining these disparities, the study seeks to illuminate pathways toward a more equitable and principled system of justice.
Motherhood Behind Bars: Effects of Incarceration on Parenting and Child Custody in the selected Correctional Facilities, the United States of America
This qualitative study investigates how incarceration impacts motherhood, examining the emotional, legal, and identity-related challenges faced by incarcerated mothers. Drawing on feminist criminology and strain theory, it explores how gendered social structures, and personal stressors intersect to affect women’s maternal roles while imprisoned. Based on interviews with incarcerated mothers across U.S. correctional facilities, the study highlights the disruption of parent–child bonds, fears of losing custody, and the enduring stigma of being labeled “bad mothers.” Despite these challenges, many women demonstrate resilience, maintaining their maternal identities and striving for reunification through adaptive coping strategies. The findings underscore the urgent need for policy reforms, including family-centered prison programs, safeguards against automatic termination of parental rights, and robust reentry support. By centering the lived experiences of incarcerated mothers, the research contributes to feminist criminology and demonstrates how mitigating incarceration-related strain is crucial for promoting rehabilitation, preserving family unity, and disrupting intergenerational incarceration cycles.
The Role of Images as Models in Biology Teaching and Learning: Enhancing Conceptual Understanding in Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria
The study examined the role of images as models in enhancing conceptual understanding of biology among secondary school students in Delta State, Nigeria. Biology education often involves abstract concepts that are difficult for students to comprehend through text-based instruction alone. This quasi-experimental study adopted a non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group design to investigate the effectiveness of integrating images-as-models strategies into biology teaching. A total of 360 senior secondary students from six public schools were sampled, with 180 students in the experimental group and 180 in the control group. Data were collected using a Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and a questionnaire on visual aid usage administered to 12 biology teachers. Descriptive statistics summarized teachers’ perceptions of visual aid availability and challenges, while inferential statistics, including ANCOVA and paired-sample t-tests, assessed differences in student performance and knowledge retention. Results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher post-test scores compared to the control group, demonstrating the effectiveness of images as models in enhancing conceptual understanding. Furthermore, delayed post-test results revealed better retention among students exposed to visual aids. Teachers reported limited availability of projectors, videos, and models, as well as insufficient training, as key barriers to effective implementation. The study concludes that integrating images-as-models strategies in biology instruction significantly improves students’ learning outcomes and retention. Recommendations include provision of multimedia resources, targeted teacher training, curriculum enhancement, and infrastructure improvements to support the use of visual aids.
Influence of Social Media Marketing and eWOM on Cosmetic and Fashion Brand Preferences among Female Undergraduate Students in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State
This study investigates how social media marketing (SMM) and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) influence cosmetic and fashion brand preferences among female undergraduate students in Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria. The study was hinged on the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory. The study employed a survey research design with a sample of 388 students drawn from Ritman University and Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic. Findings revealed that 70.1% of respondents reported high awareness of cosmetic and fashion brand marketing on social media, while 61.6% were confident in using these platforms to discover such brands. Engagement was moderately strong, with 55.6% actively interacting with brand content and 47.9% indicating continued interest. However, 33.7% were unwilling to maintain ongoing engagement. Factors influencing brand preference included perceived product quality (52.8%), transactional security (55.2%), and convenience (46.4%). Trust in online brands was more divided, with 47.9% expressing trust and 39.2% expressing distrust. Furthermore, brand preference was most influenced by delivery options (63.9%) and online reviews (53.3%). These findings indicate that while SMM and eWOM effectively enhance awareness and engagement, trust remains a critical barrier. The study recommends that brands prioritise trust-building mechanisms, personalised messaging, and platform-specific strategies to better engage digitally active youth consumers in semi-urban contexts
The Effectiveness of Radio and TV Educational Programs in Adult Education in Nigeria
Adult education plays a crucial role in national development, yet Nigeria faces significant challenges in achieving widespread literacy and lifelong learning. This study examines the effectiveness of radio and TV educational programs in promoting adult education in Nigeria, considering accessibility, engagement, and learning outcomes. Despite technological advancements, broadcast media remains a vital tool for reaching non-literate and rural populations. Using a mixed-methods approach, this paper analyzes existing programs, learner participation rates, and policy frameworks supporting educational broadcasting. Findings suggest that while radio and TV programs have improved knowledge dissemination, challenges such as inconsistent scheduling, limited interactivity, and funding constraints hinder optimal effectiveness. The study recommends enhancing program design, increasing government and private sector investment, and integrating digital platforms for hybrid learning. The insights from this research contribute to strategies for scaling adult education through mass media in Nigeria and similar developing contexts.
Measuring Learning Outcomes: An Effective Strategy for Evaluation in Secondary School Education in Delta State
This study investigates the development and effectiveness of measurement strategies for evaluating teaching and learning outcomes in secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. As education systems shift towards evidence-based instruction and performance-driven accountability, effective evaluation practices are essential to improving student learning. The research specifically examined the evaluation strategies adopted by teachers, the extent of integration of modern assessment tools, and the impact of these strategies on academic achievement. A descriptive survey research design was employed. A structured questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 400 secondary school teachers and administrators selected through stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and independent t-test) were used to analyze the data. Results showed that traditional methods such as continuous assessments and terminal examinations remain dominant in secondary schools. However, there is limited use of digital tools and formative assessment techniques. A significant positive relationship was found between structured evaluation strategies and student performance, and schools using modern assessment tools reported higher learning outcomes. The study concludes that updating assessment practices through the integration of digital technologies and outcome-based frameworks is necessary to ensure quality teaching and learning. It recommends professional development for teachers, infrastructure investment in digital assessment tools, and the establishment of a state-wide standardized evaluation policy.
From Custom to Statute: A Historical and Legal Analysis of Land Tenure Systems in Nigeria
Land tenure systems in Nigeria are deeply rooted in the nation’s historical evolution, from pre-colonial customary practices to colonial impositions and post-independence legal reforms. This paper examines the intersection of Nigerian history and property law, arguing that contemporary land disputes and inefficiencies in the legal framework are direct consequences of unresolved historical tensions. The study employs an interdisciplinary methodology, combining legal analysis of key statutes (notably the Land Use Act of 1978) with historical review of colonial archives, customary traditions, and post-independence land conflicts. The paper first explores pre-colonial landholding systems, emphasizing communal ownership and kinship-based rights. It then analyzes how British colonial policies (e.g., the Public Lands Acquisition Act of 1917) disrupted these systems, introducing individual ownership and state control. The post-colonial period, marked by the Land Use Act, further centralized land administration, often clashing with customary norms. Case studies, such as urban land disputes in Lagos and resource conflicts in the Niger Delta, illustrate the enduring legal-historical friction. Findings reveal that Nigeria’s property law remains a contested hybrid of imported statutes and resilient customary practices, with implications for economic development and social equity. The paper concludes with recommendations for legal reform, including decentralization of land governance and clearer integration of customary rights into statutory frameworks. By bridging historical scholarship and legal analysis, this research contributes to ongoing debates on land reform in post-colonial states.
Creative Writing and Digital Production: Constraining and Expanding Nigeria’s Literary Production in the 21st Century
This study aims at examining the continuity and disruption of criticism, creative writing, and digital production in Nigeria’s literary Production in the 21st Century. Drawing insight from theory of remediation, data were purposively extracted from 30 social media handles such as: Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram, Twitter, Tik Tok, blogs. In each of mentioned social media, 5 creative works were extracted and subjected to literary analysis. Some data were gotten from interviews which were conducted on final years students of the department of English and Literary studies. Between 2017 and 2022 the sample size was 100 students and 50 for each year. In 2017, 75-80% of the students seemed to be comfortable with writing poems and short stories and publishing on Facebook. While in 2022 80-90% students published their creative compositions across multiple social media platforms and providing hyperlinks to their various texts while also using emojis as symbolic language in their creative compositions and other forms of multimodality. Using the said institution as a hypothesis, most of the students seem to be voluntarily interested in literary forms on cyberspace against the print literature. The study advocates for the need to break the barriers to the study of digital literature and the need for new criticisms in the university.
Cultural Heritage and Identity in the Old Testament and the Implications for the Niger-Delta
This study examines the relationship between cultural heritage and identity as depicted in the Old Testament and its implications for the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Drawing on biblical narratives that emphasize the preservation of cultural traditions, communal memory, and covenantal relationship, the research highlights how these elements sustained the Israelite community amid challenges that threatened their existence. The study contextualized these insights within the socio-political and environmental struggles faced by the Niger-Delta indigenous communities, who are confronted with threats to their cultural heritage and identity due to oil exploitation, environmental degradation, and political marginalization. This study employs a qualitative research method that integrates theological, literary, analytical, and phenomenological approaches. The findings reveal that revitalizing indigenous cultural heritage, shared communal values, and covenantal relationships can foster social cohesion, cultural continuity, and inspire resistance against any form of external assault and domination. By examining the Old Testament framework of cultural resilience, this research provides a cultural lens through which contemporary identity crises in the Niger Delta can be understood and addressed.
The Splendour of Collaborative Research: An Interdisciplinary Insight from the Perspectives of Philosophy, Religion, English and Literary Studies, Education and its Implications for 21st Century Scholarship
Collaborative research across the academic disciplines of arts, humanities, education, and social sciences has gained prominence due to its potency to address complex and multifaceted societal challenges in the 21st century. This study explores the intersections of Philosophy, Religion, English and Literary Studies, and Education, emphasizing their combined impact on contemporary research and practice. Philosophy and Religion contribute ethical and metaphysical insights, fostering dialogue on moral and existential questions. English and Literary Studies offer critical and cultural analysis, enhancing our understanding of identity and societal narratives. When integrated with Education, these disciplines support the development of critical thinking, cultural literacy, and moral reasoning. The convergence of these fields facilitates a unifying approach to addressing global challenges such as social justice and environmental sustainability. By leveraging collaborative research, scholars can bridge disciplinary gaps, promote intercultural understanding, and innovation in educational methodologies and pedagogies. This complementary approach, which adopts the method of critical analysis not only enriches academic inquiry but also informs public policy and community engagement, making evident the splendour of interdisciplinary collaborative research in the contemporary scholarship.
Confucius’ “Rectification of Names and Higher Man” A Sine Qua Non For African Youths’ Moral Formation and Reformation (Philosophical Insight)
There is a lacuna in the moral character of our contemporary African youths and this lack is fundamental or basic as they supposed to have learnt such in their families, basic or primary and elementary schools. As foundation knowledge, it ought to have stated from the family as family is the basic and unit of life. It’s quite a pity that moral guidance has eluded so many African homes and families, instead of living as an African with African values and cultures, values of respect for life, respect for elders, value of honesty and truth among others. What one sees everyday in media are drug abuse, incessant killings, rape, kidnapping, etc. worst still is in some areas of life where the strength of youths are required, it’s a pity a good number will never be seen. One of the Chinese earliest Philosopher, master K’ung or Confucius has laid down some fundamental lessons or teachings which anchor on many spheres of youth’s formation, not only on religion as if he had done so the contemporary African youths, the youths of nowadays, may ignore it. However, it centers on politics and government, religion, finance, education and other sectors of life challenges. Employing analytic methodology, we analyze his teaching on the Higher Man and Rectification of Names/family/heart, and expose how useful they are to African youths for a successful today and tomorrow. One who follows the teachings of Confucius will always be great politically, morally, financially, educationally and the likes. This is a big opportunity for one who has no idea of Confucius institute that is worldwide, to theoretically imbibe the knowledge and be informed, formed and re-informed.
From Oil to Eco-Consciousness: The Role of Adult Education in Nigeria’s Just Transition Movement
Nigeria’s heavy reliance on oil has left lasting environmental, economic, and social scars, from pollution in the Niger Delta to systemic neglect of sustainable alternatives. While global discourses emphasize a “just transition” to green economies, Nigeria’s path remains fraught with political, corporate, and infrastructural barriers. This conceptual paper argues that environmental adult education (EAE) must play a central role in fostering eco-consciousness, equipping communities with the knowledge and agency to demand accountability and participate in sustainable development. Drawing on critical pedagogy (Freire, 1970) and political ecology, the paper examines how Nigeria’s adult education systems—through NGOs, community programs, and national policies—can challenge petro-dependency while integrating Indigenous ecological knowledge (e.g., Ogoni land ethics, Yoruba environmental traditions). It critiques the gaps in Nigeria’s National Climate Change Policy and proposes an EAE framework that bridges activism, vocational retraining, and public literacy. Key case studies, such as Niger Delta resistance movements and Lagos’s emerging waste management initiatives, illustrate the potential for grassroots learning to drive systemic change. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for aligning adult education with Nigeria’s just transition, emphasizing decolonial, participatory approaches to environmental justice.